Core stock · Grade A · B · C

Used IBC totes, graded like we have to look you in the eye.

275 and 330 gallon composite totes, washed, pressure-checked, photographed against their serial and sold with the prior-contents record attached. This is the container that built the yard.

Short answer

A used IBC tote is a reconditioned 275 or 330 gallon composite container — an HDPE bottle in a welded steel cage on a pallet base. We sell them in three grades from $60 to $225 depending on cleanliness and prior contents, from 800 River Rd, Norristown, PA, with delivery across the Mid-Atlantic.

Sizes: 275 & 330 gal
Grades: A · B · C
Price band: $60 – $225
Per 53' van: 48 totes

Work order · 90-second form

Price used totes

Give us grade, quantity and your zip and we'll come back with a delivered number in writing.

What you're buying

A 25-year steel cage that happens to have a bottle in it.

The economics of a used tote are simple: the expensive, carbon-heavy part is the steel, and the steel is nowhere near finished.

An intermediate bulk container is the most efficient way yet devised to move a liquid that is too much for drums and too little for a tanker. One tote replaces five 55-gallon drums, halves the handling time, cuts the spill interfaces from five to one, and stacks two high loaded — which is why the format took over the Northeast in the 1990s and never gave the ground back.

Buying that container used is not a compromise. The cage is welded tube steel with a 15 to 25 year service life; the pallet base is steel or composite; the bottle has typically seen three to eight fills out of a realistic ceiling well above that. What you save by buying used is not quality — it is the entire manufacturing event: 88 kg of CO₂e, 190 gallons of process water, 10 gallons of crude-oil feedstock and 420 kWh per container, avoided outright.

How our grading works

Every industry yard says "Grade A." Very few of them define it. Ours is written down, applied by the same three people, and printed on your quote:

Grade A — rinsed and washed, clear-to-translucent bottle, no odour, cage square, valve and gasket new or near-new, prior contents documented and benign.
Grade B — washed to a documented procedure, light staining or haze permitted, cage sound with cosmetic dings, valve serviceable, prior contents documented.
Grade C — sold as-is. Visible residue, heavy staining, possible odour, cosmetic cage damage. Non-food, non-potable, static duty only.

The full definitions, including what disqualifies a tote from each grade, live on grades explained.

Used IBC tote — standard specification
Attribute	275 gallon	330 gallon
Nominal capacity	275 gal / 1,041 L	330 gal / 1,249 L
Footprint	48" × 40"	48" × 40"
Height	46"	53"
Empty weight	125–135 lb	140–155 lb
Gross weight (water)	≈ 2,425 lb	≈ 2,900 lb
Bottle	HDPE, 38–45 lb	HDPE, 45–52 lb
Fill opening	6" vented or solid	6" vented or solid
Discharge	2" butterfly, S60x6 cap	2" butterfly, S60x6 cap
Stack (full)	2 high	2 high
Stack (empty)	4 high	4 high
Forklift entry	4-way	4-way

By the numbers

What one used tote is worth, ecologically.

Per container, against the burden of manufacturing its virgin equivalent.

88 kg

CO₂e never emitted

HDPE + tube steel, cradle-to-gate

190 gal

Process water never drawn

Polymerisation and steel finishing

10 gal

Crude-oil feedstock never drilled

HDPE is a petroleum product

1.4 yd³

Landfill airspace kept open

A tote is bulky garbage

Run these numbers for your own order

Buy well

Five things to check before you pay anyone for a used tote.

Applies to us as much as to the classified ad down the road. If a seller will not answer these in writing, walk.

Prior contents, in writing

Not 'soap, probably'. A logged product name against the original label. Without it, the tote is Grade C no matter how it looks.

Manufacture date on the plate

Composite IBCs carry a moulded or plated date. A 2009 bottle in a 2024 cage is a rebottle — fine, but you should be told.

Bottle clarity and odour

Open the lid. Haze is UV age; a sharp chemical smell is retained residue that will contaminate your next fill.

Cage squareness at the nodes

Look at the welded corners, not the panels. Rust blooming at a node means the load path is compromised.

Valve and gasket age

A tired EPDM gasket is a $4 part that causes a 275-gallon problem. Assume it needs replacing on any used tote.

UN marking legibility

If you plan to transport a regulated liquid, the marking must be readable and within date. A scrubbed-off plate is not a bargain.

Used tote questions

The ones that matter.

Also see the cleaning guide and storage & stacking.

Used IBC totes — FAQ

How much does a used IBC tote cost?

In the Mid-Atlantic in 2026, expect roughly $60–$95 for a Grade C as-is tote, $110–$165 for a washed Grade B, and $165–$225 for a rinsed Grade A with a clear bottle. Food-grade stock sits higher at $225–$300. Quantity moves the number: a full truckload of 48 typically prices 15–25% under single-unit pricing, and yard pickup removes freight entirely.

Are used IBC totes cleaned before you sell them?

Grade A and Grade B totes are, to a documented procedure — triple rinse minimum, caustic or hot-water wash where the residue calls for it, valve and gasket inspection, then a pressure check. Grade C totes are explicitly sold as-is with visible residue and are priced accordingly. We never describe an unwashed tote as clean; that distinction is the entire point of the grading system.

What were the totes used for before?

Mostly food ingredients, surfactants, ag nutrients, glycols, latex emulsions, coolants and industrial cleaners — the everyday liquid economy of the Northeast. Each container is logged against its original label on intake. If the record is missing or illegible, the tote is downgraded to Grade C and sold as non-food, non-potable. You get the recorded prior contents in writing on your quote.

Do used IBC totes leak?

Not the ones that pass our check. Every Grade A and B tote is filled to a test level and held before it is graded; anything that weeps at the valve, the flange or a stress crack gets pulled for rebottling or granulation. Leaks in the field almost always trace to three things: a tired gasket, an over-torqued valve, or the tote being stacked beyond its rating when full. The first two we fix before shipment; the third is covered on our storage and stacking guide.

How long does a used IBC tote last?

A washed Grade B tote in static, shaded, non-UV service routinely runs five to ten more years. The bottle, not the cage, is the limiting part: HDPE hazes and stiffens with UV, so a tote left in full Pennsylvania sun will age three to four times faster than one under cover or in a fitted jacket. When the bottle finally goes, the cage has plenty of life left — that is what rebottling is for.

Need a cleaner interior?

Rebottled totes give you a virgin bottle on a proven cage for a fraction of a new unit.

Open

Got empties of your own?

We buy used totes by the pallet or the truckload, and we come to you within 150 miles.

Open

Planning freight?

Loaded weights, stacking limits and how many fit on a van, flatbed or box truck.

Open

Two stained and weathered used IBC totes in a yard, showing discoloured bottles and worn labels

The yard

Grade C, photographed honestly

By the numbers

The figures behind this page.

70%: of yard stock; Used composite is the core of the business
4 min: grading time per container; Seven checkpoints against a written standard
100%: of Grade A and B leak tested; Fill-and-hold, recorded against the serial
$15–$85: we pay for your empties; The same containers, coming the other way

Reference

The detail, in full.

The seven-point grading sequence we run at intake
Step	What we look at	Pass	Fail	Time
1. Nodes	Welded tube intersections, four corner columns	Clean bead, no bloom	Rust bloom or crack — no stacking	40 s
2. Corner posts	Sight down each vertical	Straight within ¼"	Bow over ½" — jig or scrap	25 s
3. Base rails	Fork pocket edges	Dented but sound	Torn or perforated — replace base	15 s
4. Squareness	Diagonals across the top frame	Within 1"	Over 1" out — jig or scrap	30 s
5. Bottle	Clarity, odour, crazing at the base radius	Clear to light haze, no texture	Crazing — granulate	60 s
6. Fittings	Valve, lid, gasket, cap	Serviceable	Replace before sale	30 s
7. Plate	Manufacture date, UN marking, label	Legible	Illegible — Grade C ceiling	20 s

What a used container avoids, per unit
Input	Avoided	Equivalent
CO₂e	88 kg	220 miles not driven
Process water	190 gal	11 showers
Crude-oil feedstock	10 gal	Roughly a tank of fuel
Primary energy	420 kWh	Two weeks of an average US home
Landfill airspace	1.4 yd³	A container-sized hole, not dug
Material kept in service	95 lb	40 lb HDPE + 55 lb steel

Straight answers

Where a used composite container is the right purchase.

Yes — this is the container

Industrial process water, coolant make-up and wash solutions.
Agricultural nutrient storage, fertigation and spray mixing.
Brewery and distillery utility duty — glycol, caustic, peracetic acid.
Municipal brine, hydrant flushing and street-tree irrigation.
Construction site water, dust suppression and wash-out containment.
Static storage of any non-hazardous liquid you mixed yourself.

No — ask us for something else

Anything edible, unless it is documented food-grade stock.
Fuel or distillate of any kind — steel bins only.
Aromatic solvents, high-proof spirit and flavour essences — 316L stainless.
Regulated hazardous transport without a current legible UN marking.
Products above roughly 1.30 specific gravity at full fill.
Anything that needs steam or a validated CIP cycle between products.

Received wisdom, examined

Four things people believe that are wrong.

“Used totes leak.”

Not the ones that pass our check. Every Grade A and B container is filled to a test level and held; anything that weeps at the valve, the flange or a stress crack is pulled for rebottling or granulation. Field leaks almost always trace to a tired gasket, an over-torqued valve or stacking beyond rating.

“A dirty-looking cage means a weak cage.”

We scored 4,062 intake photographs for surface oxidation against structural outcome. Heavily oxidised cages failed at 8.7% against 3.3% for clean ones — real, but nine out of ten ugly cages are structurally fine. Inspect the weld nodes, not the tube faces.

“You cannot know what was in it.”

You can, if the seller logs it. Every container entering this yard is recorded against its original label, and the prior product is printed on your quote. Containers with no record are graded C and sold as non-food, non-potable — which is what an unknown is worth.

“Used containers are a false economy.”

A washed Grade B at $140 in shaded static service routinely runs five to ten years. That is $14–$28 per container-year against $28–$56 for a new unit over the same window, before you count the 88 kg of CO₂e you did not cause.

Asked and answered.

Further questions

How do I inspect a used tote when it arrives?

Count them. Open every lid and smell — a sharp chemical note means retained residue. Sight each cage down the four corner posts for bow and check the welded nodes for rust bloom. Confirm the valves are the type you ordered and the gaskets are new. Photograph anything that does not match the quote before it comes off the truck; afterwards the conversation is much harder.

Can I buy just the cage, or just the bottle?

Both. Cage-only stock runs $35–$65 and sells mostly to people rebottling their own fleet or building equipment frames. Bottle-only runs $85–$130 and needs a grid-pattern match — send a photo of your cage's long face and we will identify the profile before anything ships.

What does Grade C actually look like?

Visibly stained, possibly with an odour, cosmetic cage damage, a valve that may need replacing, and often no prior-contents record. It is sold as-is and not leak tested. For site water, stormwater capture and dust suppression it is entirely adequate and it is a third the price of Grade A.

Do you have stock on the ground or is it all to order?

On the ground. Between about 1,400 and 2,600 containers depending on the season, with the peak in January and the trough in May after the agricultural buying season. Food-grade stock is the exception — it is typically under 200 units and it moves fast.

Go deeper

Twelve reference sheets, because you should not have to ask us for a number.

Specifications, grading definitions, prices, thread standards, flow rates, weights, gasket selection, wash chemistry, freight limits, circular-route arithmetic, failure modes and conversions. Open what you need; none of it is gated and none of it changes depending on who is asking.

Container specs16 rows

Every dimension for the two sizes that make up 93% of the market.

The two sizes that are 93% of the market
Attribute	275 gallon	330 gallon
Capacity	275 gal / 1,041 L	330 gal / 1,249 L
Footprint	48" × 40"	48" × 40"
Height	46"	53"
Tare weight	125–135 lb	140–155 lb
Gross, water	≈2,425 lb	≈2,900 lb
Max gross mass	2,800 lb	3,300 lb
Bottle mass	38–45 lb HDPE	45–52 lb HDPE
Cage + base mass	≈55 lb steel	≈62 lb steel
Stack, full	2 high	2 high
Stack, empty	4 high	4 high
Two-high stack height	92"	106"
Per 53′ van, volume	48	40
Per 53′ van, weight-limited	17 full	14 full
Fill opening	6" vented or solid	6" vented or solid
Discharge	2" butterfly, S60x6	2" butterfly, S60x6
Forklift entry	4-way	4-way

Grading standard10 rows

Our written definitions — the same ones printed on every quote.

Our written grading standard, in one table
	Grade A	Grade B	Grade C	Food grade
Wash	Documented	Documented	Rinse only	Documented + sanitise
Bottle	Clear–translucent	Light haze permitted	Heavy staining	Clear, odour-free
Odour	None	Faint, product-typical	May be present	None
Prior contents	Documented, benign	Documented	May be absent	Edible only, documented
Cage	Square, no node rust	Sound, cosmetic dings	Cosmetic damage OK	Sound
Gasket	New	New	As-is	New, FDA EPDM
Leak test	Passed, recorded	Passed, recorded	Not tested	Passed, recorded
Food contact	Only if food prior	No	Never	Yes
Price band, 275 gal	$165–$225	$110–$165	$60–$95	$225–$300
Share of our sales	18%	58%	17%	7%

2026 price bands8 rows

Published rather than extracted through a contact form.

2026 Mid-Atlantic price bands, 275 gallon
Type	Single unit	Pallet (4+)	Truckload (48)	Lead time
Grade C as-is	$60–$95	$56–$88	$52–$78	1–2 days
Grade B washed	$110–$165	$102–$152	$95–$140	1–3 days
Grade A rinsed	$165–$225	$153–$208	$140–$190	1–3 days
Food grade	$225–$300	$210–$278	$195–$260	2–5 days
Rebottled	$250–$340	$236–$316	$220–$295	3–7 days
New composite	$420–$560	$400–$530	$380–$500	5–15 days
Cage only	$35–$65	$32–$60	$30–$55	1–3 days
We pay you for empties	$15–$85	$20–$85	$28–$85	Collection ≤2 weeks

Threads & flow9 rows

Measured on our own line: full tote of water, vented lid, valve open.

Threads, adapters and gravity flow
Fitting	Specification	Initial flow	Time to empty 275 gal	Typical use
3" butterfly	3" flange, PP body	128 gpm	3.5 min	Batch dumping, viscous
2" butterfly	S60x6 outlet, EPDM seat	70 gpm	6.5 min	Standard discharge
2" camlock	S60x6 → 2″ male cam	62 gpm	7.2 min	Pump and transfer hose
2" NPT	S60x6 → 2″ male NPT	58 gpm	7.9 min	Rigid dosing plumbing
1" camlock	S60x6 → 1″ male cam	22 gpm	19.6 min	Drum filling, controlled
3/4" GHT	S60x6 → garden hose	9 gpm	45.8 min	Irrigation, wash-down
1/2" spigot	S60x6 → spigot	4 gpm	105 min	Hand filling, troughs
S60x6	60 mm OD, 6 mm pitch buttress	—	—	Modern standard outlet
S100x8	100 mm OD, 8 mm pitch	—	—	Legacy / EU — use a bushing

Weights by product10 rows

gallons × 8.34 × specific gravity + tare. The number people skip.

Gross weight by product — the calculation people skip
Product	SG	275 gal gross	330 gal gross	Stack?
Ethanol	0.79	1,940 lb	2,310 lb	Yes
Diesel / fuel oil	0.85	2,080 lb	2,480 lb	Yes — steel bin only
Vegetable oil	0.92	2,240 lb	2,670 lb	Yes
Water	1.00	2,425 lb	2,900 lb	Yes
Latex emulsion	1.05	2,540 lb	3,040 lb	With care
Brine 23%	1.20	2,880 lb	3,450 lb	No
Liquid fertiliser 28-0-0	1.28	3,065 lb	3,670 lb	No
Corn syrup 42 DE	1.33	3,180 lb	3,810 lb	No — partial fill
Sulphuric acid 50%	1.40	3,340 lb	4,000 lb	Partial fill
Sodium hydroxide 50%	1.52	3,615 lb	4,335 lb	Partial fill

Gasket selection10 rows

The cheapest decision in the specification, and the one most often wrong.

Gasket and wetted-part selection
Product family	Gasket	Valve body	Container	Avoid
Water, brine, glycol	EPDM	Polypropylene	Poly IBC	—
Dilute acids	EPDM	Polypropylene	Poly IBC	Brass, carbon steel
Caustics	EPDM	Polypropylene	Poly IBC	Aluminium
Alcohols under 20% ABV	EPDM	Polypropylene	Poly IBC	—
Alcohols over 20% ABV	Viton	Stainless	Stainless bin	Poly bottles
Vegetable and mineral oils	Viton	Polypropylene	Poly IBC	EPDM gaskets
Fuels, diesel, kerosene	Viton	PP or stainless	Steel bin	Poly bottles
Aromatic solvents	Viton	Stainless	316L bin	All poly parts
Food ingredients	EPDM (FDA)	PP (FDA)	Food-grade poly	Non-FDA elastomers
Flavour, essence, botanical	Viton	Stainless	316L bin	Poly bottles

Wash cycles8 rows

The cycle follows the residue. A default cycle is how you get a clean-looking tote that smells.

Wash cycle by residue class
Residue	Cycle	Temp	Chemistry	Water	Cost	Outcome
Water-soluble benign	Cold triple rinse	Ambient	None	22 gal	$18–$28	Grade A/B
Sugars, syrups	Hot caustic + sanitise	148–156 °F	1.5% NaOH	45 gal	$35–$55	Food grade if prior allows
Proteins	Hot caustic + sanitise	150–158 °F	2% NaOH	48 gal	$40–$58	Food grade if prior allows
Oils, fats	Degrease + hot rinse	135–150 °F	Alkaline surfactant	52 gal	$45–$70	Grade A/B
Surfactants	Extended rinse + defoam	Ambient–120 °F	Defoamer	40 gal	$30–$48	Grade B only
Latex, emulsions	Mechanical + strip	125–140 °F	Alkaline	50 gal	$50–$75	Grade B/C
Acids, caustics	Neutralise + rinse	Ambient	Counter-agent	35 gal	$32–$50	Grade B
Unknown	Triple rinse, downgrade	Ambient	None	22 gal	$20–$30	Grade C only

Freight limits8 rows

Volume capacity and weight capacity are different numbers, and weight wins.

What fits on what — volume and weight limits
Vehicle	Full, 2 high	Weight-limited full	Empty, 4 high	Liftgate
53′ dry van	48	17	96	No
48′ flatbed	40	17	80	No
26′ box truck	24	8	48	Yes
16′ box truck	12	5	24	Yes
Sprinter van	4	2	8	Yes
20′ sea container	20	17	40	No
40′ sea container	42	17	84	No
Drop trailer, 53′	48	17	96	No

Circular routes7 rows

Ranked by burden avoided. Landfill is not on the list.

The seven circular routes, ranked by burden avoided
#	Route	CO₂e avoided	Water avoided	% of new-unit burden	Share of intake
1	Reuse as-is after rinse	88 kg	190 gal	100%	60.9%
2	Wash and return to service	83 kg	163 gal	94%	22.3%
3	Rebottle	55 kg	118 gal	62%	6.0%
4	Salvage cage for another unit	36 kg	76 gal	41%	3.0%
5	Upcycle into a built product	31 kg	66 gal	35%	0.9%
6	Granulate to HDPE regrind	30 kg	62 gal	34%	6.9%
7	Landfill	0 kg	0 gal	0%	0%

Failure modes8 rows

What actually retires a container and where each one goes afterwards.

What actually retires a container, and whether it is fixable
Failure	Where it starts	Share of retirements	Fixable?	Route
Bottle stress cracking	Base radius	41%	No	Granulate bottle, keep cage
Freeze split	Mid-height, at the old liquid line	16%	No	Granulate bottle, keep cage
Contamination beyond wash	Absorbed into the wall	14%	No	Granulate bottle, keep cage
Bottle deformation	Whole wall, from overfill or heat	11%	No	Rebottle
Cage node corrosion	Welded intersections, corner columns	10%	Sometimes	Mill the steel
Missing prior-contents record	Paperwork, not the container	8%	No	Grade C only
Base rail damage	Fork pockets	—	Yes, on steel	Repair or replace base
Gasket failure	Outlet and lid seals	—	Always	Replace, $4

Delivery corridors7 rows

If you sit on a route we already run, small loads become viable.

Scheduled corridors from 800 River Rd
Corridor	Key stops	Frequency	Minimum load	Buy-back
I-76 West	Conshohocken, King of Prussia, Reading, Harrisburg	2× weekly	4 units	Yes
I-95 South	Philadelphia, Chester, Wilmington, Baltimore	2× weekly	4 units	Yes
I-95 North	Trenton, New Brunswick, Newark, Elizabeth	Weekly	6 units	Yes
NE Extension	Lansdale, Quakertown, Allentown, Bethlehem	Weekly	6 units	Yes
US-30 West	West Chester, Downingtown, Lancaster, York	Weekly	6 units	Yes
US-202 North	Doylestown, New Hope, Flemington	Weekly	4 units	Yes
Delmarva	Dover, Salisbury, Easton	Fortnightly	10 units	By arrangement

Conversions12 rows

The arithmetic that comes up daily.

Conversions used every day in this yard
From	To	Multiply by	Worked example
US gallons	Litres	3.785	275 gal = 1,041 L
Litres	US gallons	0.2642	1,000 L = 264 gal
US gallons of water	Pounds	8.34	275 gal = 2,294 lb
Pounds	Kilograms	0.4536	2,425 lb = 1,100 kg
Inches	Millimetres	25.4	48" = 1,219 mm
Cubic feet	US gallons	7.481	51 ft³ = 381 gal
Cubic yards	Cubic feet	27	1.4 yd³ = 37.8 ft³
psi	Feet of head (water)	2.31	1.7 psi = 3.9 ft
Feet of head	psi	0.433	24 in stand = 0.87 psi
gpm	Litres per minute	3.785	70 gpm = 265 L/min
kg CO₂e	Miles not driven	2.5	88 kg = 220 miles
kg CO₂e	Mature trees, one year	0.0476	88 kg = 4.2 trees

Vocabulary, in twelve lines

IBC: Intermediate bulk container — anything between a drum and a tanker, in practice 110–550 gallons on a forkliftable base.
Composite IBC: An HDPE bottle inside a welded steel cage on a pallet base. The 275 and 330 gallon workhorses.
Tare: Empty weight of the container: 125–135 lb for a 275, 140–155 lb for a 330.
Gross mass: Container plus contents. Most 275s are rated to 2,800 lb; exceed it and the bottle bulges rather than bursts.
Node: A welded intersection in the cage where load actually transfers. The correct place to inspect.
S60x6: The standard outlet thread: 60 mm OD, 6 mm pitch buttress. Hand tight only.
Prior contents: What the container last held, logged against the original label. The single most consequential fact about any used tote.
Rebottle: A new HDPE bottle fitted into an inspected existing cage — virgin interior, 38% less embodied carbon than new.
Food grade: FDA-compliant resin plus an edible-only prior history plus a documented wash. All three, together.
UN 31HA1: Marking for a composite IBC approved for liquids. Belongs to the assembly and carries a service life.
Regrind: Granulated recycled HDPE. Post-industrial IBC regrind goes to pipe, conduit, pallets — never food contact.
Avoided burden: Environmental cost that did not occur because a container was reused instead of manufactured. Not an offset.

All 58 terms

The yard, in numbers

18,412: containers returned to service, rolling 12 months
91.9%: of intake leaves as a container, not as feedstock
1.62M kg: CO₂e avoided against a new-container baseline
543,000 lb: HDPE granulated into clean regrind in 2025
318,000 lb: steel baled to a regional mill in 2025
0 yd³: container material landfilled — six consecutive years
2,600: containers on the ground at the January peak
11%: of offered loads refused, and referred on
22: people at the Norristown yard, four of them drivers
6: states served by our own trucks

Where and when

IBC Totes PA LLC
800 River Rd
Norristown, PA 19406
hello@ibctotespa.com
quotes@ibctotespa.com
No telephone line — written quotes only.

Opening hours
Mon	7:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Tue	7:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Wed	7:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Thu	7:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Fri	7:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Sat	8:00 AM – 12:00 PM
Sun	Closed

Next step

Every tote we keep alive is one that never gets made.

Get a written quote Sell us your empties

Used IBC totes, graded like we have to look you in the eye.

A 25-year steel cage that happens to have a bottle in it.

How our grading works

What one used tote is worth, ecologically.

Five things to check before you pay anyone for a used tote.

Prior contents, in writing

Manufacture date on the plate

Bottle clarity and odour

Cage squareness at the nodes

Valve and gasket age

UN marking legibility

The ones that matter.

Used IBC totes — FAQ

Need a cleaner interior?

Got empties of your own?

Planning freight?

The figures behind this page.

The detail, in full.

Where a used composite container is the right purchase.

Four things people believe that are wrong.

Asked and answered.

Further questions

Related reading.

Our grading standard in full

Sell us your empties

How cages actually fail

Twelve reference sheets, because you should not have to ask us for a number.

Every tote we keep alive is one that never gets made.